"[234] Though Iranians are not Arab, Arab publics in six countries also believe that Iran has the right to its nuclear program and should not be pressured to stop that program. [213][214], The report also expressed concerns over Parchin, which the IAEA has sought to inspect for evidence of nuclear weapons development. ", however these plots were foiled by Iran. [118], In late February 2006, IAEA Director Mohammad El-Baradei raised the suggestion of a deal, whereby Iran would give up industrial-scale enrichment and instead limit its program to a small-scale pilot facility, and agree to import its nuclear fuel from Russia (see nuclear fuel bank). This is a maintenance category, used for maintenance of the Wikipedia project. [46][47] The uranium was delivered in 1993. Tehran Housing, Iran, Central Pavilion (1981) . From the longer Wikipedia page [1] The Project 2049 Institute is an American think tank focused on security issues and public policy in Central-Asia and the Asia-Pacific region. [186][187], In July 2010, Iran barred two IAEA inspectors from entering the country. The news drew heavy criticism as some pro-Israel group assumed he would be tough on Israel and comparatively softer on Iran. This is a disservice to the society of man.[442]. [120], The IAEA Board of Governors deferred the formal report to the UN Security Council of Iran's non-compliance (such a report is required by Article XII.C of the IAEA Statute),[121] until 27 February 2006. When there are sufficient stubs (60 or more) on any individual province, a separate geo-stub category will be established for it (any enquiries on this should go to Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting). "[158] The United States has relied on the laptop to prove that Iran intends to develop nuclear weapons. The allegations, which include claims that Iran had engaged in high-explosives testing, sought to manufacture "green salt" (UF4) and to design a nuclear-capable missile warhead, were based on information obtained from a laptop computer which was allegedly retrieved from Iran in 2004. [91], On 14 August 2002, Alireza Jafarzadeh, a spokesman for an Iranian dissident group National Council of Resistance of Iran, publicly revealed the existence of two nuclear sites under construction: a uranium enrichment facility in Natanz (part of which is underground), and a heavy water facility in Arak. In December 2008, President-Elect Barack Obama gave an interview on Sunday's "Meet the Press" with host Tom Brokaw during which he said the United States needs to "ratchet up tough but direct diplomacy with Iran". [210] This change drastically moved Iran's uranium toward bomb-grade material. The offer was rejected out of hand by the EU and the United States. [116][117] In response, on 6 February 2006, Iran suspended its voluntary implementation of the Additional Protocol and all other voluntary and non-legally binding cooperation with the IAEA beyond what is required by its safeguards agreement. [158] A senior European diplomat warned "I can fabricate that data," and argued that the documents look "beautiful, but is open to doubt. It was also obligated to report to the IAEA experiments with the separation of plutonium. "But when debate was proposed, they avoided and opposed it." "[151], On 11 February 2008, news reports stated that the IAEA report on Iran's compliance with the August 2007 work plan would be delayed over internal disagreements over the report's expected conclusions that the major issues had been resolved. American support for Ba'athist Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War, in which it fought against post-revolutionary Iran, included several billion dollars' worth of economic aid, the sale of dual-use technology, non-U.S. origin weaponry, military intelligence, and special operations training. [249] More recently, the Iranians have reportedly also offered to operate uranium centrifuges that automatically self-destruct if they are used to enrich uranium beyond what is required for civilian purposes. Two permanent council members, Russia and China, agreed to referral only on condition that the council take no action before March. In 1987–88, Argentina's National Atomic Energy Commission signed an agreement with Iran to help in converting the reactor from highly enriched uranium fuel to 19.75 per cent low-enriched uranium, and to supply the low-enriched uranium to Iran. [350] EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton played down the agreement, saying it was a step in the right direction but did not go far enough and left questions unanswered. The UN Security Council, however, insists that Iran must suspend all enrichment-related and reprocessing activities, and the United States explicitly ruled out the possibility that it would allow Iran to produce its own nuclear fuel, even under intense international inspection. [155] [319] In a shift on the Iranian side, April saw members of the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps urging Ayatollah Ali Khamenei to maintain a policy of keeping uranium enrichment at or below 20 per cent. Iran has dropped India from the project citing funding delays There are possiblities that a multi-billion dollar deal with China influenced Iran's decision Iran has decided to move ahead with the construction of a railway line from Chabahar port to Zahedan without … A May 2009 US Congressional Report suggested "the United States, and later the Europeans, argued that Iran's deception meant it should forfeit its right to enrich, a position likely to be up for negotiation in talks with Iran. Their comments countered ones made earlier by an Israeli general and Maples said the United States was arriving at different conclusions from the same facts. 13–14) of the IAEA Safeguards Glossary", "Safeguards Statement for 2007 and Background to the Safeguards Statement", "UN Security Council Resolution 1737 (2006)", "Govt Holds Its Line On Iran And Uranium", "Communication dated 12 September 2005 from the Permanent Mission of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the Agency", "Clinton Says Nuclear Aim of Iran Is Fruitless", "Iran Asserts Expansion of Nuclear Operation – washingtonpost.com", "Iran rules out enrichment suspension ahead of EU talks – Forbes.com", "Ahmadinejad: Sanctions Will Not Affect Iran's Nuclear Program", "Iran's first nuclear plant begins fueling", "Statement of Fereydoun Abbasi at the IAEA 56th General Conference", "IAEA renews pressure on Iran after 'terrorists' charge", "With "sabotage" charge, Iran takes hostile tone with U.N. watchdog", "IAEA Statement on Meeting with Dr. Fereydoun Abbasi", "IAEA ignores Iranian claim it has been infiltrated by terrorists, presses Islamic Republic on alleged bomb research", "Iran's Top Atomic Official Says Nation Issued False Nuclear Data to Fool Spies", "Iran admits it deceived the West over nuclear program", "Abbasi: Iran to display its nuclear export capacities in ATOMEXPO 2013", "Edited transcript: An interview with Hassan Rouhani", Iran: Nuclear Intentions and Capabilities, "Most U.S. tips fingering Iran false – envoys / No intelligence given UN since '02 led to big discoveries", "washingtonpost.com: U.S. Nuclear Arms Stance Modified by Policy Study", "Hersh: U.S. mulls nuclear option for Iran", "We Do Not Have a Nuclear Weapons Program – UN Security Council – Global Policy Forum", Obama: Iranian threats against Israel 'unacceptable', "The Associated Press: UN nuclear chief supports US-Iran talks", "President gives first interview since taking office to Arab TV", "Officials: Iran does not have key nuclear material", Chinese company, exec indicted in Iran missile case, Indictment Says Banned Materials Sold to Iran, "Iran bomb-grade uranium not expected before 2013: State Dept – Agence France-Press", Dennis Blair: Annual Threat Assessment of the Intelligence Community for the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (2009), U.S. Sees an Opportunity to Press Iran on Nuclear Fuel, "Thomas Fingar: "Reducing Uncertainty: Intelligence and National Security Using Intelligence to Anticipate Opportunities and Shape the Future, "Central Intelligence Agency: Declassified National Intelligence Estimates on the Soviet Union and International Communism", Iran Trumpets Nuclear Ability at a Second Location. Country Project Wiki. ", A 1974 CIA proliferation assessment stated "If [the Shah] is alive in the mid-1980s ... and if other countries [particularly India] have proceeded with weapons development we have no doubt Iran will follow suit. While expressing skepticism that the Iranians would now be willing to accept such a deal, having provided "no credible explanation" for the previous deal's rejection,[340] President Obama wrote "For us, Iran’s agreement to transfer 1,200 kg of Iran’s low enriched uranium (LEU) out of the country would build confidence and reduce regional tensions by substantially reducing Iran’s LEU stockpile. But we never had the intention and we do not have the intention to do so, unless we need (to)." [359], President Hassan Rouhani declared that Iran's nuclear program would be "limitless" while the country launches the third phase of quitting from the 2015 nuclear deal. After August 2019!) "[298] A National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) is the most authoritative written judgment concerning a national security issue prepared by the Director of Central Intelligence. [85], Estimating when Iran might possibly achieve nuclear "breakout" capability, defined as having produced a sufficient quantity of highly enriched uranium to fuel a weapon – if a working design for one existed and the political decision to assemble it was made – is uncertain. [109] Several days later, the EU-3 offered Iran a package in return for permanent cessation of enrichment. [352], Meanwhile, the United States was also pursuing other action to address the situation in Iran, in the case that the more diplomatic method not produce a satisfactory deal, and on 18 May 2010, announced a "draft accord" among UN permanent Security Council members for additional sanctions on Iran, designed to pressure it to end its nuclear enrichment program. [21] The IAEA report also said that Tehran "holds more than 12 times the amount of enriched uranium permitted under the JCPOA, and that "work has also begun on the construction of new underground facilities close to Natanz, its main enrichment facility". Ahmadinejad said that sanctions "cannot dissuade Iranians from their decision to make progress," according to Iran's state-run IRNA news agency. [1] In 1970, Iran ratified the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT),[2] making its nuclear program subject to the IAEA's verification. [318] Netanyahu had insisted a few days before that he would tolerate no enrichment, not even to the three per cent required for nuclear power. He maintained that the 20 per cent production was for a Tehran medical reactor, and as such would be limited to around 1.5 kg per month. more. Iran is continuing to operate the four cascades of 174 IR-1 centrifuges each in two tandem sets to produce 19.75 per cent LEU in a total of 696 enriching centrifuges, the same number of centrifuges enriching as was reported in November 2012. [407] According to Iran's envoy to the IAEA, Ali Asghar Soltanieh, "The government of the United States has not handed over original documents to the agency since it does not in fact have any authenticated document and all it has are forged documents. Iran notified the International Atomic Energy Agency of the blasts, and complained about international inaction and the use of French made missiles in the attack. [170], Regarding the IAEA report, several news reports suggested that Iran had failed to properly report the amount of low-enriched uranium it possessed because Iranian estimates did not match the IAEA inspector's findings, and that Iran now had enough uranium to make a nuclear bomb. [432] Rahman Bonad, Director of Arms Control Studies at the Center for Strategic Research at Tehran, has argued that demands to cease enrichment run counter to "all negotiations and discussions that led to the adoption of the NPT in the 1960s and the fundamental logic of striking a balance between the rights and obligations stipulated in the NPT. US and European companies scrambled to do business in Iran. Note: For the Assessment statistics for the projects currently supported directly by WikiProject Iran go to the assessment page. Those changes include: Iran said that the IR-40 heavy water-moderated research reactor at Arak was expected begin to operate in the first quarter of 2014. That is bringing Iran to the negotiating table. [169] Iran says that for the six years the Agency has been considering its case, the IAEA has not found any evidence to prove that Tehran is seeking a nuclear weapon. 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Fakhrizadeh was believed to be the primary force behind Iran's covert nuclear program for many decades. Userbox. However, questions about the authenticity of the documents persist, with claims that the documents were obtained either from Israel or the People's Mujahedin of Iran, an Iranian dissident group based on Islamic and Socialist ideology officially considered to be a terrorist organization by the United States, and that investigations into the alleged studies are intended to reveal intelligence about Iran's conventional weapons programs. According to the report, Iran's answers were still under review by the IAEA at the time the report was published. According to Pierre Goldschmidt, former deputy director general and head of the department of safeguards at the IAEA, and Henry D. Sokolski, Executive Director of the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, some other instances of safeguards noncompliance reported by the IAEA Secretariat (South Korea, Egypt) were never reported to the Security Council because the IAEA Board of Governors never made a formal finding of non-compliance. [58] Iran says its nuclear program is peaceful,[59] and has enriched uranium to less than 5 per cent, consistent with fuel for a civilian nuclear power plant. The report expresses concern that changes taking place at the Parchin military site might eliminate evidence of past nuclear activities, noting that there had been virtually no activity at that location between February 2005 and the time the IAEA requested access. If you would like to participate, please join the project where you can contribute to the discussions and help with our open tasks. [86] A 23 March 2012 US Congressional Research Service report quotes 24 February 2012 IAEA report saying that Iran has stockpiled 240 pounds of 20-per-cent-enriched uranium – an enrichment level necessary for medical applications – as an indication of their capacity to enrich to higher levels. The project aims to significantly expand China's economic and political influence and has raised concerns in the United States. Make Wikipedia a primary and reliable source of Iran related information. We will assert our intentions. Some believe this prediction to be the coming of a World War III. Many national and international foreign policymakers have defended President Joe … Tag the talk pages of Iran-related articles with the {{, This page was last edited on 5 November 2020, at 21:02. "It looks beautiful, but is open to doubt. You can help International Entertainment Project Wikia by expanding it. "[145], According to Reuters, the report was likely to blunt Washington's push for more severe sanctions against Iran. Add new page. Citing evidence from satellite imagery that "Iran constructed a large explosives containment vessel in which to conduct hydrodynamic experiments" relevant to nuclear weapons development, the report expresses concern that changes taking place at the Parchin military site might eliminate evidence of past nuclear activities, noting that there had been virtually no activity at that location between February 2005 and the time the IAEA requested access. The Project for the New American Century (PNAC) was a neo-conservative think tank (1997 to 2006) that had strong ties to the American Enterprise Institute.PNAC's web site said it was "established in the spring of 1997" as "a non-profit, educational organization whose goal is to … [165] The Agency says its right to verify design information provided to it is a "continuing right, which is not dependent on the stage of construction of, or the presence of nuclear material at, a facility. [103], In February 2005, Iran pressed the EU-3 to speed up talks, which the EU-3 refused to do so. Former US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice suggested that there could be work toward an international nuclear fuel bank instead of indigenous Iranian enrichment,[436] while Richard Haass, President of the Council on Foreign Relations, has said "the United States should be willing to discuss what Iran describes as its 'right to enrich' ... provided that Iran accepts both limits on its enrichment program (no HEU) and enhanced safeguards". [223] Though more of this uranium has been fabricated into fuel, no additional uranium has been sent to the Fuel Plate Fabrication Plant at Isfahan.[221]. Glyn Davies, the chief US delegate to the IAEA, told reporters: "Six nations ... for the first time came together ...[and] have put together this resolution we all agreed on. After some delay in responding, on 29 October, Ahmadinejad voiced an openness towards cooperation with other world powers. "[423] Testimony presented to the Foreign Select Committee of the British Parliament drew the opposite conclusion: The enforcement of Article III of the NPT obligations is carried out through the IAEA's monitoring and verification that is designed to ensure that declared nuclear facilities are operated according to safeguard agreement with Iran, which Iran signed with the IAEA in 1974. Home. The delay in restarting the program was to allow the IAEA to re-install monitoring equipment. Iran and the IAEA in February 2003 agreed to modify a provision in the Subsidiary Arrangement to its safeguards agreement (Code 3.1) to require such access. -Reuters 03/29/21. If we have weapons of mass destruction we are not going to use them – we cannot. Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Iran's supreme leader, recently asserted Iran's right to establish nuclear plants. Otherwise, they said, Iran would use the talks to buy time. This template is within the scope of WikiProject Iran, an attempt to build a comprehensive and detailed guide to articles related to Iran on Wikipedia. This page was last edited on 2 April 2021, at 15:54. The first operations were during the 1960s with support of Iran's … #Archaeologists Relocate #Ancient Pot in #Persepolis for Renovation. [326] Iran's nuclear chief, Ali Akbar Salehi, said the site was built for maximum protection from aerial attack: carved into a mountain and near a military compound of the powerful Revolutionary Guard. "[65] However, Iran has consistently refused to give up its enrichment program, arguing that the program is necessary for its energy security, that such "long term arrangements" are inherently unreliable, and would deprive it of its inalienable right to peaceful nuclear technology. [137] The IAEA did not detect the actual use of nuclear material in connection with the alleged studies and said it regrets it was unable to provide Iran with copies of the documentation concerning the alleged studies, but said the documentation was comprehensive and detailed, and therefore needed to be taken seriously. Country Project Wiki. The IAEA also was informed about Entec's largest department, for materials testing, which was responsible for UO2 pellet fuel fabrication and a chemical department whose goal was the conversion of U3O8 to nuclear grade UO2. [166] Iran told the Agency in March 2007 that it "suspended" the implementation of the modified Code 3.1, which had been "accepted in 2003, but not yet ratified by the parliament", and that it would "revert" to the implementation of the 1976 version of Code 3.1. "[128], In a 2007 National Intelligence Estimate, the United States Intelligence Community assessed that Iran had ended all "nuclear weapon design and weaponization work" in 2003. Games Movies TV Video. The only powerful country is Russia in the north, and no matter how many nuclear weapons we had we could not match Russia. [423] The November 2007 United States National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) asserted that Tehran halted a nuclear weapons program in fall 2003, but that Iran "at a minimum is keeping open the option to develop nuclear weapon". [62][431] The United States has said the "central bargain of the NPT is that if non-nuclear-weapon states renounce the pursuit of nuclear weapons, and comply fully with this commitment, they may gain assistance under Article IV of the Treaty to develop peaceful nuclear programs". However, Ali Asghar Soltanieh, Iran's envoy to the IAEA, denied the contents of the presentation, saying that "merely having a photo from up there, a satellite imagery ... this is not the way the agency should do its professional job. An IAEA report to the Board of Governors on 30 August 2007 stated that Iran's Fuel Enrichment Plant at Natanz was operating "well below the expected quantity for a facility of this design," and that 12 of the intended 18 centrifuge cascades at the plant were operating. The Iranians indicated that while they would not be willing to give up their right to enrichment in principle, they were willing to[119] consider the compromise solution. The United States said that the facility, which was still months from completion, was too small to be useful for a civil program but could produce enough high-enriched uranium for one bomb per year. [22], The foundations for Iran's nuclear program were laid on 5 March 1957, when a "proposed agreement for cooperation in research in the peaceful uses of atomic energy" was announced under the auspices of Eisenhower's Atoms for Peace program. [100] Iran attributes its failure to report certain acquisitions and activities on US obstructionism, which reportedly included pressuring the IAEA to cease providing technical assistance to Iran's uranium conversion program in 1983. [16][17], As of February 2019, the IAEA certified that Iran was still abiding by the international Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action of 2015,[18] However, in July 2019 the IAEA stated that Iran had breached the agreement. The Ford strategy paper said the "introduction of nuclear power will both provide for the growing needs of Iran's economy and free remaining oil reserves for export or conversion to petrochemicals. [310], On 2 April 2015, hailing the agreement between the P5+1 and Iran on parameters for a comprehensive agreement, President Obama said "Today, the United States, together with our allies and partners, has reached an historic understanding with Iran, which if fully implemented, will prevent it from obtaining a nuclear weapon. "[citation needed] Iran was also asked to clarify information about foreign assistance it may have received in connection with a high explosive charge suitable for an implosion type nuclear device. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. News UK", "French Minister to IAEA Chief: Listen to the West", "IAEA denies internal row over Iran, condemns hype | Reuters", "Latest Iran Safeguards Report Circulated to IAEA Board", "Relying on Computer, U.S. Seeks to Prove Iran's Nuclear Aims", "Latest Iran Safeguards Report Circulated to IAEA Board, Staff Report, February 22, 2008", "Iran renews nuclear weapons development", Understandings of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the IAEA on the Modalities of Resolution of the Outstanding Issues, "Military strikes against Iran no longer an option: IAEA chief", "Iran holds enough uranium for bomb, By Daniel Dombey in Washington, Financial Times, February 19, 2009", "Federation of American Scientists: Iran's Uranium: Don't Panic Yet. He says the Trump administration may pursue the re-imposition of UN sanctions on Iran and end all sanctions waivers that allow for continued nonproliferation cooperation projects in Iran. Userbox. In 1974, as concerns in the region grew over Israel's nuclear weapon program, Iran formally proposed the concept of a nuclear weapon free zone in the Middle East in a joint resolution in the UN General Assembly.[444]. "Force can only be used as a last option ... when all other political possibilities have been exhausted," he told Radio France International. That's a significant development. [299], The impending opening of the Bushehr I plant in late 2010 prompted the White House to question why Iran is continuing to enrich uranium within its borders. The Kilo class was to have been succeeded by the Lada class. They sent a separate team to Muscat to negotiate a nuclear deal through a back channel with the White House. This "six months" clause was standard for implementation of all IAEA safeguards agreements until 1992, when the IAEA Board of Governors decided that facilities should be reported during the planning phase, even before construction began. The information was allegedly obtained from a laptop computer smuggled out of Iran and provided to the US in mid-2004. Facing Israel means facing the US. The Iranian government has repeatedly made compromise offers to place strict limits on its nuclear program beyond what the Non-Proliferation Treaty and the Additional Protocol legally require of Iran, in order to ensure that the program cannot be secretly diverted to the manufacture of weapons. When Ahmadinejad became a lame duck president in the last year of his second term (2012–2013), the clerics bypassed him and the Majles, and tried to negotiate secretly with the U.S. officials.