Below-ground NPP was estimated from below-ground biomass (Webber, 1978) and from longevity of below-ground plant parts (Shaver and Billings, 1975; Billings et al., 1978). In the early 1950s investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey (Brewer 1958) demonstrated the influence of lakes, ocean and buildings on near-surface permafrost temperature regimes and illustrated the characteristic zero curtain during the annual freeze-thaw cycles of 1951 and 1952. Original data from 1972 were classified and community descriptions were published as a report (Webber & Ebert 1973) and as a component of IBP books (Brown et al. From the dense moss carpeted rainforests of southeast Alaska, to the wide-open expanses of the tundra on the North Slope these ecosystems and provide habitat for a variety of fish and wildlife species. The desert biome is a very dry area, with very little amounts of plants and animals. 0000004474 00000 n The accident occurred 15 miles southwest of Utqiagvik (Barrow), a planned stop on their trip from … The Alaska North Slope is the region of the U.S. state of Alaska located on the northern slope of the Brooks Range along the coast of two marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean, the Chukchi Sea being on the western side of Point Barrow, and the Beaufort Sea on the eastern. It has not reported separately since. Pages 186-218 in Brown, J. et al., editors. Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Environemntal_Data_Repeat_Plots_1972.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Environemntal_Data_Single_Plots_1972.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Environemntal_Data_Repeat_Plots_1999.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Environmental_Data_Repeat_Plots_2008.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Environmental_Data_Repeat_Plots_2010.csv. Each plot was a minimum of 10 m2. Figure 3. Broad categories: gravel (GRV), sand (SND), silt (SLT), clay (CLY), loam (LOM), organic (if no mineral soil within the active layer) (ORG). Forty-three (43) plots were assessed for estimated percent land cover by species and plot data including moisture, topographic position, slope, aspect, shape, and soil data. Each site is divided into 10 sub-plots in which species percent cover is visually estimated in the 1m x 10-cm strip and species presence in the 1-m x 90-cm sub-plot. Examples include: An updated classification and change analysis is provided in Villarreal et al. past six decades near Barrow Alaska. The location has been home to the Iñupiat, an Indigenous Inuit ethnic group, for more than 1,500 years. - point barrow ak biome -
Data set. Mean thickness of the moss layer including live and dead moss (cm). 0732885). Climate data in this data set are from the weather station at Barrow, Alaska (71.30 N 156.78 W) at an elevation of 31 m. The study plots for biomass measurements in 1970-1971 were 6 m x 6 m in size. Region as indicated by author. 2012, Villarreal et al. Barrow weather averages and climate Barrow, Alaska. 2018-12-31, Data Set Version: Ecology 56(2): 401-409. The Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) iis a NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program field campaign that will take place in Alaska and western Canada between 2016 and 2021. There are still summer cabins constructed by locals and used for subsistence hunting and fishing in this area. The savanna biome is basically grassland with very few trees. 6) Dry Salix rotundifolia heath (6 plots). Species Data -- Presence and cover. A climate graph showing rainfall, temperatures and normals. ANPP, BNPP, and TNPP values reported in ORNL data sets. 1) is situated near Barrow, Alaska (71018'N, 156042'W). The field is left blank to indicate the plot had no boundaries or no estimate of the sampled area. These areas of open water, called leads, are favorite places for sea mammals to congregate, as they provide areas to surface and breathe and to haul out and feed. It is derived from the Iñupiat word utqiq, also used for "potato". highest (1), high (2), high but incomplete (3), moderate (4), moderate and incomplete (5), low (6). In addition to the numerous data synthesis and analysis papers resulting from this repeating sampling activity, Webber also provided insight on the quality of these and other datasets collected using his plant community sampling method at the Alaska AVA Boulder Workshop (Webber 2014). (Ed). Floristic diversity near Barrow (ca. Ambio 40:705-716. The North Slope Borough is committed to having healthy communities, economically, spiritually and culturally. Major cities in the tundra of Alaska include: -Nome -Point Hope -Barrow -Kaktovik Major landmarks in the tundra of Alaska include: -Wood Tikchik is the largest State Park -Mount McKinley -Soldier's Summit 1980). State/territory: Alaska (study sites around Barrow) Grid cells: Ahh1Avv0Bh2Bv1. Beechey could not reach it by ship and had to send a ship's boat ahead. natural vegetation (NAT) or anthropologically disturbed (DIS). In Vegetation and Production Ecology of … You’ll also get to see the site of the old village of Nuvuk, which was occupied 1,000 years before the arrival of the first Europeans and is now an important archaeological site. An Arctic ecosystem: the coastal tundra at Barrow, Alaska. Shape of the relevé area. Both the dataset author determinations and the current nomenclature according to the Panarctic Species List (PASL) are listed. The Pre-ABoVE vegetation plot datasets were curated to create the Alaska Arctic Vegetation Archive (AVA-AK; Walker et al. Column headings include the plot identifiers. Each plot was a minimum of 10 m2, Temporal Coverage: 1972-08-01 2010-08-01. Longitude (decimal degrees). In 1826 John Franklin tried to reach it from the east and was blocked by ice. "[8], Northernmost point of the United States in Alaska, northernmost point on the North American mainland, "The Northernmost Points In The United States", http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1880a_v1-17.pdf, http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1890a_v8-01.pdf, The Papers of Henry W. Greist on Point Barrow, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Point_Barrow&oldid=1012271777, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with bad settlement type, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 March 2021, at 14:32. Vegetation and Production Ecology of an Alaskan Arctic Tundra (L. L. Tieszen, Ed.). Webber, P. J. and D. C. Ebert. Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment (LBA-ECO), Oregon Transect Ecosystem Research Project (OTTER), Southern African Regional Science Initiative Project (SAFARI 2000), Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS), Vegetation-Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP), International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP II), Atmospheric Tracer Transport Model Intercomparison Project (TransCom), Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE), Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE), Airborne Microwave Observatory of Subcanopy and Subsurface (AirMOSS), Atmospheric Carbon and Transport - America (ACT-America), Accelerated Canopy Chemistry Program (ACCP), Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI), http://geobotanical.portal.gina.alaska.edu/plot-archive/turboveg-table, http://agc.portal.gina.alaska.edu/catalogs/10178-alaska-arctic-vegetation-archive-barrow-vegeta. relevé (R), other (O). Note files with either repeated or single measurements. 120 species, Murray and Murray 1978) is low relative to the 574 vascular plant species recorded on the North Slope of Alaska (Webber 1978). Forty-three sites, or plots, were originally established in 1972 and were used to characterize 10 plant communities for the IBP project including: 2) Arctophila fulva pond margin (2 plots), 4) Cochlearia officinalis pioneer meadow and creek bed (2 plots). The Tundra Biome aquatic site (Fig. Villarreal, S. 2013. International Polar Year (IPY) Back to the Future (BTF): Changes in arctic ecosystem structure over decadal time scales. Productivity of a coastal tundra was studied from 1970 to 1972 at Point Barrow, Alaska, USA. The Barrow vegetation plots were originally described and mapped by Dr. Patrick J. Webber in 1972 as part of the International Biological Program (IBP). Fratercula cirrhata (Tufted Puffin) Fratercula corniculata (Horned Puffin) Basic Info. cycle increased by 40% at Point Barrow, AK, and by 20% at Mauna Loa, HI over the period 1960–1993 [Keeling et al., 1996]. vicinity of Barrow by Mather and Thornthwaite (1956), Weaver (1965), Kelley and Weaver (1969) and others. Point Barrow or Nuvuk is a headland on the Arctic coast in the U.S. state of Alaska, 9 miles (14 km) northeast of Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow). There is also a companion file with plot photos documenting multiple sampling events. Has the relevé been sampled more than once? Webber, P.J., S. Villarreal, and C.E. Photos of Plot 1319 during repeated measurements. The coastal tundra at Barrow. Temperature for the warmest months in the arctic tundra ranges from 3-12° C (37- 57° F). R.F. Arctic Vegetation Plots for IBP Tundra Biome, Barrow, Alaska, 1972-2010. Original plant community name used by the author. For United States, the code is US. Nome’s precipitation levels hit 18.4 inches. 2012. Point Barrow. Bollenbacher and J.S. Annual precipitation levels can reach 20 inches. 8) Moist Carex aquatilis-Oncophorus wahlenbergii meadow (4 plots). 1) is situated near Barrow, Alaska (71018'N, 156042'W). Tentative Braun-Blanquet habitat as defined by classes. Point Barrow is an important geographical landmark, marking the limit between two marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean, the Chukchi Sea to the west and the Beaufort Sea to the east.[1]. highest (1), high (2), high but incomplete (3), moderate (4), moderate and incomplete (5), low (6). Direct link to the plot archive record in the Arctic Geoecological Atlas: http://agc.portal.gina.alaska.edu/catalogs/10178-alaska-arctic-vegetation-archive-barrow-vegeta. 3. Point Barrow, a headland nine miles from town, is where the Chukchi and Beaufort seas meet. Spatial Resolution: Point resolution. Subjective assessment of floristic quality by the party that submitted the plot. 22. As part of the International Biological Program’s (IBP) Tundra Biome project at Barrow, Alaska, the microclimatic regimes of that region are being investi- gated. Average Weather in Barrow Alaska, United States. Figure 2. Scientists estimate that these frozen landscapes store twice as much carbon as is found in the atmosphere. The Borough works with the tribes, cities, corporations, schools, and businesses to support a strong culture, encourage families and employees to choose a healthy lifestyle, and sustain a vibrant economy. The Tundra Biome’s intensive study site is situ- ated on the open tundra approximately 3 km. MacLean, Jr., and D.F. (DAAC). [2] It is immediately adjacent to the Birnirk Site. CAFF Proceedings Report #11. Plot numbers are the same each year. The air distance from Anchorage, Alaska, to Barrow on PointBarrow Headland, Alaska, is 725 miles. 2016b, Walker 2013). [6] In 1890, it returned as Point Barrow, which also included the Refuge & Whaling Station and native settlements of Nuwuk, Ongovehenok and winter village on "Kugaru" (Inaru) River. dry (DRY), moist (MST), wet (WET), aquatic/emergent (AQU), unknown (not recorded) (N). Ground-based research and models suggest that release of this carbon as permafrost thaws is going to accelerate global … One file (.csv format) provides above- and below-ground biomass and leaf area index (LAI) data for a wet arctic tundra meadow (Biome research site 2, Dupontia meadow, vegetation type V) studied from 1970 to 1971 at Point Barrow, Alaska, USA, (71.30 N -156.67 W Elevation 5 m). (2012) for individual sub-plots. It is the northernmost point of all the territory of the United States, at 71°23′20″N 156°28′45″W / 71.38889°N 156.47917°W / 71.38889; -156.47917 (Point Barrow)Coordinates: 71°23′20″N 156°28′45″W / 71.38889°N 156.47917°W / 71.38889; -156.47917 (Point Barrow), 1,122 nautical miles (1,291 mi; 2,078 km) south of the North Pole. Even during the winter, some ice would be grounded in shallow waters near the shore, but farther out, long breaks would develop in the floating ice as winds and ocean currents push and pull at it. Lara M. J, S. Villarreal, D. R. Johnson, R. D. Hollister, P. J. Webbe and C. E. Tweedie. In 1999, 2008, and 2010, 33 of the same plots were resampled for these same measures as part of the “IPY Back to the Future: Resampling old research sites to assess changes in high latitude terrestrial ecosystem structure and function project”. ABSTRACT: This data set contains three data files. Spatial and temporal variation of the vegetation and its production, Barrow, Alaska. Field data were collected using Braun-Blanquet, US National Vegetation Classification protocols, or comparable methods. U.S. International Biological Program, Washington DC Tundra Biome Data Report 73-22. 1. A region of tundra > 200,000 km2 in area, the arctic slope of Alaska has continuous permafrost, snow cover for 7-9 mo each year, and low relief (Britton 1966). (1978) Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on the carbohydrate reserve and seasonal nitrogen and phosphorus levels in Dupontia fisheri and Arctogrostis latifolia shoots and rhizomes near Barrow, Alaska. Point Barrow or Nuvuk is a headland on the Arctic coast in the U.S. state of Alaska, 9 miles (14 km) northeast of Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow). 2012.Estimated change in tundra ecosystem function near Barrow, Alaska between 1972 and 2010.Environmental Research Letters 7:015507 ANPP, BNPP, and TNPP values reported in ORNL data sets. Here’s another unique opportunity: To see the very northernmost point in the U.S. You can take a full-day tour to experience this rugged outpost. The decrease in biomass in 2008 occurred during a lemming population peak. Omissions? The second file, also in .csv format, provides net primary productivity (NPP) estimates for different plant growth forms for eight … The North Slope of Alaska (NSA) atmospheric observatory is providing data about cloud and radiative processes at high latitudes. In 1999, 2008, and 2010, 33 of the same plots were resampled for these same measures as part of the IPY "Back to the Future: Resampling old research sites to assess changes in high latitude terrestrial ecosystem structure and function" project. The Barrow IBP vegetation plot data have been extensively analyzed, updated, and published. Contents of plot environmental data. Villarreal, S., R. D. Hollister, D. R. Johnson, M. J. Lara, P. J. Webber, and C. E. Tweedie. A gateway to the Arctic ocean, the history in this part of the world dates back to 500 AD … ISBN: 978-9935-431-29-5. Field estimate of texture at the top of the mineral horizon. Relevé location as indicated by the author. flat elevated plain (includes plateaus and elevated river terraces) (EL_PLN); hill crest (CRST); shoulder (SHLD); backslope (BACK); footslope (includes toeslopes) (FOOT); flat low plain (LW_PLN); riparian zone (includes active floodplains, drainage channels, water tracks) (RIPZN); lake or pond (LAKE). 2. These data columns and descriptions are identical to the header data in the Turboveg database. Run at Point Barrow in April 2019 The U. S. Tundra Biome Program focused on long-term studies to understand tundra adaptations as they relate to the distribution of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens to environmental factors in the light of future oil development on the coastal plain. Webber, P. J. Georeference source. The nature and appropriateness, to the Arctic Vegetation Archive (AVA), of data sets gathered using the Webber plant community sampling method. Point Barrow. Station Data. Species cover data are given as percentage. These data are available through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active The name was first recorded, by colonizers, in 1853 as "Ot-ki-a-wing" by Commander Rochfort Maguire, Royal Navy. The Vegetation Pattern and Succession. 1980, Webber 1978, Webber et al. A region of tundra > 200,000 km2 in area, the arctic slope of Alaska has continuous permafrost, snow cover for 7-9 mo each year, and low relief (Britton 1966). Figure 1. 1980. 1980). Main publication or data report from which the species data were taken. Species cover data are from Tweedie (2013). This field is necessary as raw environmental data is often not included in the main publication. The "Shooting Station" is located a few miles southwest of Point Barrow. See companion file Barrow_Tundra_Veg_Plots_Photographs.pdf. Accuracy of georeference as recorded by GPS (m). The Borough works with the tribes, cities, corporations, schools, and businesses to support a strong culture, encourage families and employees to choose a healthy lifestyle, and sustain a vibrant economy. Aspect is measured counterclockwise in degrees from 0 (due north) to 360 (again due north, coming full circle). The tundra at Barrow is considered coastal tundra located in the most northern region of North Slope and is characterized by various microtopographic features such as polygons, as well as many ponds and lakes. On the flip side, the northerly U.S. city called Point Barrow, experiences annual precipitation levels of 4.3 inches. For example, could be land management unit, national park, or mountain range. Tieszen, L. L. (1978) Photosynthesis in the principal Barrow, Alaska, species: A summary of field and laboratory responses. 10) Wet Dupontia fisheri-Eriophorum angustifolium meadow (6 plots). Puffins belong to the Alcid family, a group of diving birds that swim underwater using their wings for propulsion and their feet for steering. The water around it is normally ice-free for two or three months a year, but this was not the experience of the early explorers. Murray. Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Species_Data_Repeat_Plots_1972.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Species_Data_Single_Plots_1972.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Species_Data_Repeat_Plots_1999.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Species_Data_Repeat_Plots_2008.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Species_Data_Repeat_Plots_2010.csv. It was named by English explorer Frederick William Beechey in 1826 for Sir John Barrow, a statesman and geographer of the British Admiralty. IPY Back to the Future (BTF): Re-sampling old research sites to assess change in high latitude terrestrial ecosystem structure and function. The North Slope Borough is committed to having healthy communities, economically, spiritually and culturally. 2018. [5] All 200 residents were Inuit. Latitude (decimal degrees). Mission. There is a nearby Global Atmosphere Watch atmospheric monitoring station. Point Barrow first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census as the unincorporated Inuit village of "Kokmullit" (AKA Nuwuk). ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. It is the northernmost point of the United States. The traditional name was voted back in 2016 to support the preservation of the Inupiaq language. Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Turboveg record number sequentially assigned during data entry. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. If environmental data are from a table, indicate table number(s) from the reference for environmental data. Syntaxon name according to the Braun-Blanquet School. Annual precipitation levels can reach 20 inches. In 1837 Thomas Simpson walked 50 miles west to Point Barrow after his boats were stopped by ice. (Y or N). The rain forest biome is a very thick forest. In sections of tundra that occur in proximity to the oceans or large bodies of water. Prefixes: Alaska (1), Russia (2), Canada (3). The term Point Barrow whales refers to gray whales that were trapped in the ice at Point Barrow in 1988, which attracted attention from the public worldwide. doi:10.5065/D6XS5SD1. The six-sided monument honors pioneer Wiley Post and comedian and homespun philosopher Will Rogers who died in 1935 when their plane went down 15 miles southwest of Barrow during a flight to Seberia. Monthly averages Barrow Longitude: -156.789, Latitude: 71.2906 Average weather Barrow, AK - 99723. 1980. Keeling, S.C. Piper, A.F. Environmental Research Letters 7: 015508. The AVA-AK is a regional database that is part of the larger Arctic Vegetation Archive (Walker 2016a, Walker et al. The pH reported by author. 1) Taking photographs of the general site. The Tundra Biome aquatic site (Fig. Companion file with plot photos, often for multiple sampling events. One file (.csv format) provides above- and below-ground biomass and leaf area index (LAI) data for a wet arctic tundra meadow (Biome research site 2, Dupontia meadow, vegetation type V) studied from 1970 to 1971 at Point Barrow, Alaska, USA, (71.30 N -156.67 W Elevation 5 m). In 1849 William Pullen rounded it in two whale boats after sending two larger boats back west because of the ice. Point Barrow has been a jumping-off point for many Arctic expeditions, including the Wilkins-Detroit Arctic Expeditions and the April 15, 1928, Eielson-Wilkins flight across the Arctic Ocean to Spitsbergen. Point Barrow is an important geographical landmark, mark… Necessary for judgements on ‘edge effects’. 1973. Datum is WGS84. It reported 152 residents, of which 143 were Native, 8 were "other race" and 1 was White. These data and their corresponding resampling data from 1999, 2008, and 2010 for the 33 relocated sites (330 sub-plots) were assessed for change and published as part of a PhD dissertation (Villarreal 2013), site-specific papers (Lara et al. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, U.S.A. Webber, P. J., P. C. Miller, F. S. Chapin III, and B. H. McCown. Group of Inuits of America's Arctic coastline who came to visit the camp of the Canadian explorer Vilhjalmur Stefanson, near Point Barrow. 89 Canadian Arctic (Polunin 1948) and the Western Taimyr, USSR (Matveyeva et al. If source differs, approximate accuracy (m). 7) Mesic Carex aquatilis-Poa arctica meadow (12 plots). Plot data reported in *_Single_Plots_1972.csv are for 10 plots not relocated in 1999 for repeated measurements. Current Taxonomy according to the Panarctic Species List (PASL) without authors names, PASL_TAXON_SCIENTIFIC_NAME_WITH_AUTHOR(S), Current Taxonomy according to the Panarctic Species List (PASL), 1972-206 - 1972-1325 (33 repeated measurement plots for years 1972, 1999, 2008, and 2010), ----------------------------------------------------------------, 1972-315 - 1972-1326 (10 single measurement plots, measured in 1972 only). 4) Field observation of soil texture and horizon depth. Arctic Vegetation Plots for IBP Tundra Biome, Barrow, Alaska, 1972-2010. Two of the major Landmarks in the tundra biome are in Alaska, The first is Million Dollar Bridge, it was built in the early 1900's, it's also called The Miles Glacier Bridge, and got its name from the cost to build it which was 1.4 million dollars. The air distance from Anchorage, Alaska, to Barrow on Point Barrow Headland, Alaska, is 725 miles. One file (.csv format) provides above- and below-ground biomass and leaf area index (LAI) data for a wet arctic tundra meadow (Biome research site 2, Dupontia meadow, vegetation type V) studied from 1970 to 1971 at Point Barrow, Alaska, USA, (71.30 N -156.67 W Elevation 5 m). As a contribution to the IBP, Webber ( 1978 ) described eight plant communities comprised of similar dominant species that differed in their abundance between communities. These data files were edited by Donald A. Walker, Amy L. Breen and Lisa A. Druckenmiller at the University of Alaska Fairbanks' Alaska Geobotany Center and obtained via the Arctic Geoecological Atlas (http://arcticatlas.geobotany.org/), which provides access to existing Arctic vegetation plot and map data in support of the ABoVE campaign. Pages 37-112 in L. L. Tieszen, editor. (1978) Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on the carbohydrate reserve and seasonal nitrogen and phosphorus levels in Dupontia fisheri and Arctogrostis latifolia shoots and rhizomes near Barrow, Alaska. Country code generated by Turboveg. The 10-cm strip is used for cover assessment and the 90-cm sub-plot for species presence. Webber, S.F. 2014. Method used to collect vegetation-plot data. Relevé number in the species table in the reference for species data. The headland is an important archaeological site, yielding burials and artifacts associated with the Thule culture, including uluit and bola.
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